tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74960905253174164322024-03-08T00:34:37.541-08:00Materi Teknik InformatikaRifandi Madonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00721406956083247372noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7496090525317416432.post-61899113840104766922011-12-17T19:50:00.000-08:002011-12-17T19:57:34.357-08:00PERMASALAHAN DAN SISTEM SOLUSI AI<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">PERMASALAHAN DAN SISTEM SOLUSI AI</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penyelesaian Masalah
berdasarkan teknik AI</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Empat hal untuk
membangun sistem atau memecahkan masalah tertentu :</span></i></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Definisikan
masalah dengan jelas</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Analisis
masalah</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kumpulkan
dan representasikan knowledge</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pilih
teknik pemecah masalah terbaik dan gunakan untuk masalah tertentu</span></i></li>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mendefinisikan
Masalah sebagai “State Space Search” (SSS). Misalnya permainan catur, maka SSS
nya adalah :</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/VANVAR%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Menspesifikasikan posisi awal dari papan
catur</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/VANVAR%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peraturan (rules) yang mendefinisikan
langkah-langkah yang legal</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/VANVAR%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Posisi papan yang merepresentasikan
pemenang dari satu sisi atau sisi lainnya.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><img alt="*" height="13" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/VANVAR%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="13" /><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan (Goal) dari permainan adalah : Memenangkan permainan.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendefinisian
Masalah Sebagai Pencarian Ruang Keadaan</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Masalah utama dalam membangun sistem berbasis AI
adalah bagaimana mengkonversikan situasi yang diberikan ke dalam situasi lain
yang diinginkan menggunakan sekumpulan operasi tertentu.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penyelesaian Masalah
berdasarkan teknik AI</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Empat
hal untuk membangun sistem atau memecahkan masalah tertentu :</span></i></div>
<ol start="1" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-top: 0in;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Definisikan
masalah dengan jelas</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Analisis
masalah</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kumpulkan
dan representasikan knowledge</span></i></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pilih
teknik pemecah masalah terbaik dan gunakan untuk masalah tertentu</span></i></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh</span></u></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
A Water Jug Problem</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Anda diberi dua
buah gelas, yang satu ukuran 4 galon dan yang lain 3 galon. Kedua gelas tidak
memiliki skala ukuran. Terdapat pompa yang dapat digunakan untuk mengisi gelas dengan
air. Bagaimana anda mendapatkan tepat 2 galon air di dalam gelas 4 ukuran galon?
Ruang masalah untuk masalah di atas dapat digambarkan sebagai himpunan pasangan
bilangan bulat (x,y) yang terurut, sedemikian hingga x = 0, 1, 2, 3, atau 4 dan
y = 0, 1, 2, atau 3; x menyatakan jumlah air dalam gelas ukuran 4 galon, dan y
menyatakan jumlah air dalam gelas ukuran 3 galon. Keadaan mula-mula adalah
(0,0). State tujuan adalah (2,n)
untuk setiap nilai n.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Operator-opeartor
(aturan produksi) yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah terlihat pada gambar
2.2</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background-color: black; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; color: white;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 28.3pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x <
4</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(4,y)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 28.3pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Isi penuh gelas 4 galon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y) </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If y < 3</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,3)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Isi penuh gelas 3 galon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x >
0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x-d,y)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Buang sebagian air dari gelas 4 galon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If y >
0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y-d)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Buang sebagian air dari galon ukuran 3 galon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x >
0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(0,y)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kosongkan gelas 4 galon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">6.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If y >
0</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,0)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kosongkan gelas 3 galon</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y) </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x+y ≥4 and y > 0</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(4,y-(4-x))</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuangkan air dari gelas 3
galon ke gelas 4 galon sampai gelas 4 galon penuh</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">8.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(x,y) </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x+y ≥3 and x > 0</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x-(3-y),3)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuangkan air dari gelas 4
galon ke gelas 3 galon sampai gelas 3 galon penuh</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">9.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y) </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x+y ≤4 and y > 0</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x+y,0)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuangkan seluruh air dari
gelas 3 galon ke gelas 4 galon</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(x,y)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">If x+y ≤3 and x > 0</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(0,x+y)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuangkan seluruh air dari
gelas 4 galon ke gelas 3 galon</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">11.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(0,2)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(2,0)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuangkan 2 galon air dari
gelas 3 galon ke gelas 4 galon</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .45in;" valign="top" width="43">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">12.</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 117.0pt;" valign="top" width="156">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(2,y)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .5in;" valign="top" width="48">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">→</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(0,y)</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.2in;" valign="top" width="211">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Buang 2 galon dalam gelas
4 galon sampai habis.</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar 2.2 </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aturan produksi untuk Water Jug Problem.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: black; color: white;">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jumlah galon dalam gelas 4
galon</span></i></div>
</td>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jumlah galon dalam gelas 3
galon</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Aturan yang dilakukan</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></i></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">-</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">9</span></i></div>
</td>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></i></div>
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5
atau 12</span></i></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">0</span></i></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.05in;" valign="top" width="197">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">9
atau 11</span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Gambar
2.3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Suatu
solusi untuk Water Jug Problem.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Representasi ruang keadaan dengan pohon pelacakan:</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><img height="323" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/VANVAR%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" width="491" /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>Rifandi Madonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00721406956083247372noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7496090525317416432.post-33006869075867395962011-12-08T07:29:00.001-08:002011-12-17T19:34:32.149-08:00Latar Belakang<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%;">
<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">NIM : 07201357</b></i></div>
<div style="-moz-border-bottom-colors: none; -moz-border-image: none; -moz-border-left-colors: none; -moz-border-right-colors: none; -moz-border-top-colors: none; background-color: black; border-color: -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color windowtext; border-style: none none double; border-width: medium medium 2.25pt; color: white; padding: 0in 0in 1pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 150%; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 2.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 1.0pt 0in; padding: 0in;">
<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Nama : Rifandi Madong</b></i></div>
</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: center;">
<i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Latar Belakang</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Saat ini belajar
adalah tuntutan wajib bagi semua orang jika tidak ingin ketinggalan dengan yang
lain. Namun permasalahannya untuk belajar tidaklah semudah yang dibayangkan,
apalagi bagi yang sudah bekerja karena sibuk dengan aktifitasnya. Sehingga
sangat minim sekali waktu luang yang bisa digunakan untuk belajar. Kemudian
untuk pelajar dan mahasiswa, banyaknya pelajaran yang harus dipahami membuat
mereka dituntut untuk cepat dan cermat dalam memahami berbagai pelajaran
tersebut, padahal waktu mereka dalam belajar juga terbatas.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Selain masalah
waktu, problem mahalnya buku pelajaran juga menjadi kendala, belum lagi
masalah-masalah lain dalam belajar, seperti kebosanan yang terjadi saat
membaca, penyerapan materi yang sangat minim, serta masalah klasik lain yang
sangat sering dijumpai yaitu tidak suka membaca.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Selain para
pekerja,pelajar dan mahasiswa, masalah belajar juga dihadapi anak-anak,
misalnya lebih senang bermain dari pada belajar, sulit jika disuruh untuk
belajar, belajar tidak sungguh-sungguh, dan lain sebagainya.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Berbagai alasan
inilah yang mendorong saya untuk menggunakan suatu metode baru dalam belajar
yang dapat membuat anak-anak tertarik untuk berlajar, memudahkan para karyawan
untuk belajar tanpa kehilangan waktu terlalu banyak, serta mempercepat
pemahaman suatu pelajaran bagi pelajar dan mahasiswa.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Metode yang akan
kita gunakan disini adalah pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media interaktif
(video tutorial). Metode ini sangat bagus jika digunakan untuk para pekerja,
mahasiswa, pelajar serta anak-anak karena :</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Hampir setiap orang memiliki laptop atau computer.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Proses belajar bisa dilakukan kapan dan dimana saja</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Kita tidak perlu membaca, sehingga tingkat kebosanan
bisa diminimalkan.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Tingkat penyerapan materi jauh lebih besar, karena
menggunakan metode visual (melihat), serta disertai dengan contoh penggunaan
langsung dari suatu materi.</b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: black; color: white; line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i><b><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span>Disertai animasi-animasi menarik, sehingga anak-anak
bisa belajar sambil bermaian dan itu membuat mereka tertarik untuk belajar.</b></i></div>
<i><b><span style="background-color: black; color: white;">
</span></b></i>Rifandi Madonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00721406956083247372noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7496090525317416432.post-21193572441766959772011-12-08T05:55:00.000-08:002011-12-08T05:55:52.887-08:00Database 2 _ KLINIK<div style="background-color: black; color: red;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: black; color: red; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Basis data adalah :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kumpulan data yang saling berhubungan yang disimpan secara bersama sedemikian rupa dan tanpa pengulangan (redudansi) yang tidak perlu, untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kumpulan <i>file</i>/ tabel/ arsip yang saling berhubungan yang disimpan dalam media penyimpanan elektronis.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tujuan dan manfaat basis data :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Tujuan :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kemudahan dan kecepatan dalam pengambilan data (speed).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Efisiensi ruang penyimpanan (space).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Mengurangi / menghilangkan redudansi data.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Keakuratan (Accuracy)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pembentukan kode & relasi antar data berdasar aturan/batasan (constraint) tipe data, domain data, keunikan data, untuk menekan ketidakakuratan saat entry/penyimpanan data.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ketersediaan (Avaibility)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Pemilahan data yang sifatnya pasif dari database aktif.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kelengkapan (Completeness)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kompleksnya data menyebabkan perubahan struktur database.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Keamanan (Security)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Memberikan keamanan atas hak akses data.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Kebersamaan pemakaian (Sharability)</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Bersifat multiuser.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Manfaat :</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Controlling Redundancy</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Redundancy: duplikasi data, penyimpanan data secara berulang.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Redudancy salah satu syarat larangan dalam database relasional, karena akan menimbulkan inconsistensi data.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Dengan controlling redundancy, selain akan meningkatkan performance query juga menjaga konsistensi data.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Restricting Unauthorized Access</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Memberikan pengaturan hak akses/batasan akses user database.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Providing Persistent Storage for Program Objects</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menyediakan ruang penyimpanan khusus untuk obyek-obyek program (ex. Object-Oriented Database system yang menyimpan obyek-obyek pemrograman berbasis objek).</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Providing Storage Structures for Efficient Query Processing</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menyediakan struktur penyimpanan yang bagus untuk efisiensi proses query.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Providing Backup and Recovery</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">f)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Providing Multiple User Interface</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">g)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Representing Complex Relationship among Data</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">h)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Enforcing Integrity Constraints</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Permitting Inferencing and Actions using Rules</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Menyediakan actions khusus berdasarkan rules (aturan) yang telah ditetapkan dalam sistem database.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">j)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Additional Implications of using the Database Approach</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Flexible, up-to-date data, ekonomis, dll.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-left: 1in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Sebagai dasar agar dapat mengintegrasikan pemrograman web dengan database, disamping itu ingin mendapatkan nilai A mata kuliah system database 2.</span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: black; color: red; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: black; color: red; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">KLINIK</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">Setting environment for using XAMPP for Windows.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">zer0null@XC0DE-691C9C116 C:\xampp</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"># mysql -u root</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Welcome to the MySQL monitor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Commands end with ; or \g.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Your MySQL connection id is 19</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Server version: 5.1.37 Source distribution</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> show databases;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+--------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| Database<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+--------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| information_schema |</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| cdcol<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| mysql<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| perpustakaan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| phpmyadmin<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| rifandi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+--------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">6 rows in set (0.02 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> create database klinik;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> use klinik;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Database changed</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> create table daftar_kamar (</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> No_Kamar varchar (10),Sub_No varchar (7),Type varchar (30),Harga_Sewa int,Fasilitas varchar (80),primary key (No_Kamar));</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> insert into daftar_kamar</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> (No_Kamar,Sub_No,Type,Harga_Sewa,Fasilitas) values ('10','A','menengah','200000','tempat tidur-AC-kamar mandi');</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">mysql> select * from daftar_kamar;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+----------+--------+----------+------------+-----------------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| No_Kamar | Sub_No | Type<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Harga_Sewa | Fasilitas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+----------+--------+----------+------------+-----------------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| 10<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| A<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| menengah |<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>200000 | tempat tidur-AC-kamar mandi |</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+----------+--------+----------+------------+-----------------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> create table data_master (</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> Kode_Kamar varchar (10),Keterangan varchar (60),primary key (Kode_Kamar));</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> insert into data_master</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> (Kode_Kamar,Keterangan) values ('1001','Super VIP'),('1002','VIP');</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Records: 2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Duplicates: 0<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Warnings: 0</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> select * from data_master;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+------------+------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| Kode_Kamar | Keterangan |</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+------------+------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| 1001<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Super VIP<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| 1002<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| VIP<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+------------+------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">2 rows in set (0.00 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> create table daftar_pasien (</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> No_Pasien varchar (10),No_Identitas varchar (20),Nama varchar (50),Alamat varchar (60),Kota varchar (20),Propinsi varchar (20),Kode_Pos varchar (10),Negara varchar (30),Telpon varchar (25),Jenis_Kelamin varchar (20),TTL varchar (60),Agama varchar (20),Email varchar (60),primary key (No_Pasien));</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">mysql> insert into daftar_pasien</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> (No_Pasien,No_Identitas,Nama,Alamat,Kota,Propinsi,Kode_Pos,Negara,Telpon,Jenis_Kelamin,TTL,Agama,Email) values ('PL0001','43650636345389','Prabowo','Jl. Suli No.4','Surabaya',</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">'Jawa Timur','7688','Indonesia','081234567890','Pria','Jakarta, 16 Januari 1955','Islam','prabowo@gerindra.com');</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">mysql> select * from daftar_pasien;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-----------+----------------+---------+---------------+----------+------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">----------+-----------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-------+----------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| No_Pasien | No_Identitas<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Nama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Alamat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Kota<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Propinsi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kode_Pos | Negara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Telpon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Jenis_Kelamin | TTL</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| Agama | Email<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-----------+----------------+---------+---------------+----------+------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">----------+-----------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-------+----------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| PL0001<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| 43650636345389 | Prabowo | Jl. Suli No.4 | Surabaya | Jawa Timur |</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>7688<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Indonesia | 081234567890 | Pria<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Jakarta, 16 Januari 1955</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| Islam | prabowo@gerindra.com |</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-----------+----------------+---------+---------------+----------+------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">----------+-----------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-------+----------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">mysql> create table daftar_dokter (</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> No_Dokter varchar (10),Nama varchar (50),Specialis varchar (30),Alamat varchar (60),Kota varchar (20),Propinsi varchar (20),Kode_Pos varchar (10),Negara varchar (30),Telpon varchar (25),Jenis_Kelamin varchar (20),TTL varchar (60),Agama varchar (20),Email varchar (60),primary key (No_Dokter));</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">mysql> insert into daftar_dokter</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> (No_Dokter,Nama,Specialis,Alamat,Kota,Propinsi,Kode_Pos,Negara,Telpon,Jenis_Kelamin,TTL,Agama,Email) values ('DR0001','Samsul','Mata','Jl. Panjaitan No.1','Malang','Jawa Timur','7688','Indonesia','081000900700','Pria','Malang, 20 Desember 1980','Islam','samsul@bachri.com');</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">mysql> select * from daftar_dokter;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-----------+--------+-----------+--------------------+--------+------------+---</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">-------+-----------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------+--</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">-----+-------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| No_Dokter | Nama<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Specialis | Alamat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Kota<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Propinsi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Ko</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">de_Pos | Negara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Telpon<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Jenis_Kelamin | TTL<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| A</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">gama | Email<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>|</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-----------+--------+-----------+--------------------+--------+------------+---</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">-------+-----------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------+--</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">-----+-------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">| DR0001<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Samsul | Mata<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Jl. Panjaitan No.1 | Malang | Jawa Timur | 76</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">88<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Indonesia | 081000900700 | Pria<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>| Malang, 20 Desember 1980 | I</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">slam | samsul@bachri.com |</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">+-----------+--------+-----------+--------------------+--------+------------+---</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">-------+-----------+--------------+---------------+--------------------------+--</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">-----+-------------------+</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">mysql> create table pengobatan (</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-> No_Transaksi varchar (10),Tanggal date,Tanggal_Masuk date,Tanggal_Keluar date,Sewa_Kamar int,Biaya_Dokter int,Biaya_Obat int,Biaya_Lab int,Total int,primary key (No_Transaksi));</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Perintah-perintah SQL-nya :</i></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* mysql -u root ---> memanggil database.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* show databases; ---> melihat semua database<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>yang ada.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* create database klinik; ---> membuat database dengan nama klinik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* use database klinik; ---> masuk ke database klinik.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* create table daftar_kamar ---> membuat table dengan nama daftar_kamar.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* insert into daftar_kamar ---> memasukkan record ke dalam table daftar_kamar.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">* select * from daftar_kamar ---> menampilkan table daftar_kamar.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: black; color: red; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><span style="background-color: black; color: red;"> </span>Rifandi Madonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00721406956083247372noreply@blogger.com0Malang, Indonesia-7.981894 112.62650299999996-8.0377215 112.57637849999996 -7.9260664999999992 112.67662749999995